Understanding Endocrine and Metabolic Conditions

Learn about a wide range of hormonal, adrenal, thyroid, and metabolic conditions. Each article provides clear, concise information to help you better understand the causes, symptoms, and potential health impacts of these disorders.

Hypercalcemia: Elevated Blood Calcium Levels

Hypercalcemia is a condition where blood calcium levels are higher than normal. Calcium is vital for nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and bone strength, but too much can disrupt body function. Normal total serum calcium levels range from 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL. When levels rise above this range, patients may experience symptoms like fatigue, constipation, confusion, nausea, abdominal pain, increased thirst, and kidney stones. Severe cases can lead to cardiac arrhythmias or altered mental status.

The most common causes of hypercalcemia are primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy. Other causes include vitamin D toxicity, certain medications (like thiazide diuretics), immobilization, and granulomatous diseases such as sarcoidosis. Diagnosis involves measuring total and ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, phosphate, and kidney function.

Treatment depends on the cause and severity. Mild cases may be monitored with hydration and dietary adjustments. More serious cases may require IV fluids, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, or parathyroid surgery.

At Health Force One, we offer expert evaluation and management of hypercalcemia. Our care includes lab testing, endocrine consultation, imaging coordination, and ongoing management to treat the underlying cause and protect your bone and kidney health.

 

References

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  4. Shane E, Dinaz P. (2020). Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 8(6), 471–486.
  5. Khan AA, et al. (2019). J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 104(10), 3957–3979. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-00357